Definition of terrorism social and political effects. It composes all social causes of terrorist acts whether it occurred in the arab society or abroad as well. The sociology of terrorism has been understudied, even though considerable literatures on various forms of social conflict and violence have been produced over the years. The characteristic of terrorism is use of violence against innocent peoples for the purpose of gaining publicity for their group and objectives. Causes of terrorism most definitions of terrorism recognise that terrorists dont just pursue violence for the sake of it but have a specific purpose for carrying out their attacks. Terrorism and the media this paper systematically analyzes media attention devoted to terrorist attacks worldwide between 1998 and 2012. Terrorist attacks on 11 september 2001 and after intensified concerns about a global jihad and other forms of terrorism, and renewed calls to better understand its causes or roots. Terrorism is an extremely complex and diverse phenomenon given how different the causes and perspectives of rightwing, nationalistseparatist, social revolutionary and religious fundamentalist terrorists, it should come as no surprise that the psychologies of these types of terrorism differ as much as their motivations. This meaning of terrorism can be related to sergey nachayev, who narrated. Terrorism databases that profile groups and leaders quickly become outdated, and this report is no exception to that rule. The economic factors are represented by unemployment rates and social inequality measured by the gini index. A large proportion of studies on terrorism investigate what have come to be called the root causes of terrorism.
A social approach must also complement the criminal law policy. Terrorism occurs in wealthy countries as well as in poor countries, in democracies as well as in authoritarian states. How will the strategy of spreading democracy affect the threat of terrorism from al qaeda and likeminded islamic extremist groups. The study of terrorism can be organized around three questions. Social causes and perspectives renato matic, anita dremel, mateja sakic purpose. The doctrine of necessity the doctrine of necessity holds that certain conduct, though it violates the law and produces a harm, is justified because it averts a greater evil and hence produces a net social gain or benefit to society. New groups or terrorist leaders may suddenly emerge, and if an established group perpetrates a major terrorist. Advocates of the root cause approach are in terested in fighting the conditions that create terrorism, not the terrorists themselves. Dealing with terrorism has become the centerpiece of u. Terrorism is often construed as a wellthoughtout, extreme form of violence to perceived injustices. The violent acts of terrorism can exploit human fear to gain these goals. Review of literature quantitative studies of terrorism have increased dramatically in the past decade. In order to remain current, a terrorism database ideally should be updated periodically. Since 911 pakistan has been at the epicentre of both terrorism and the war against it.
Causes of terrorism social and political injustice. In a study by gabriel weimann from the university of haifa, weimann found that nearly 90% of organized terrorism on the internet takes place via social media. Identification of factors social injustice as the cause of the problem of terrorism, the approach to terrorism must change 17. In an effort to assist teachers in helping their students identify and understand terrorism, the. Moreover, it calls attention to the people in risk of becoming terrorism. The most popular theory is that poverty causes terrorism. The aim of this paper is to analyze the origin of different interpretations of the events connected with terrorism, with special emphasis put on different interpretations of causes and consequences of terrorism.
Terrorism can dramatically influence the world, as. The extreme sophistication of facebook and twitter targeting algorithms are extremely recent, and so little research has been done into. It will show that the widespread belief in the power of democracy is likely misplaced because democracy will be unlikely to. Terrorism can dramatically influence the world, as shown by the farreaching. Attempts have been made by various governments and agencies to thwart the use of social media by terrorist organizations. First, suicide missions receive significantly more coverage, which could explain their increased popularity among terrorist groups. Is there an economic explanation to terrorism or acts such as. Responding to the root causes of conflict means that approaches to countering violent extremism need to be embedded in consideration of the social, economic, political and historical contexts in. In this case, terrorism has a factor causing social injustice.
Zalman 20 states that economically, supply chains become extremely costly in terms of time and money when extra layers of security at. War and terrorism serve several functions, including the creation of social solidarity. Individual, group, and organizational levels of analysis arie w. The efforts of these countries demonstrate the potential benefits and shortcomings of using social and economic development as a counterterrorism tool. Pdf social causes of terrorism in the arab society.
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the social causes of terrorists behaviors and actions originated in the arab society. In 1981, martha crenshaw described the study of terrorism as being organized around three questions. The media as an enabler for acts of terrorism 47 with technology improving at the turn of the century and thereafter, movies were added and winning over the populace became a key element. The working group on countering the use of the internet for terrorist purposes of the counterterrorism implementation task force is aimed at coordinating the activities of the united nations system in support of the united nations global counter terrorism strategy, adopted by the general assembly in its resolution 60288, in which. Terrorism happens in both poor and rich countries, and regardless of the type of government bjorgo 2005. The aim here is to note what has been learned about the social origins and dynamics of terrorism in order to suggest agendas for future research.
The study found out that the social causes of terrorism in kenya are as a result of a complex network of intertwined problems emanating from four main thematic areas, namely. There have been divergent views on this question, and terrorism has been argued to be caused by increased poverty, rapid urbanization, declining traditional. It is crucial to understand possible root causes underlying terrorism because terrorist insurgencies do not emerge in a political, socioeconomic, religious or even psychological vacuum. Terrorist organizations must have goals that are not enforceable in the ordinary polit ical. Anti terrorism is the holistic, defensive, approach to terrorism which seeks to understand the causes and drivers of terrorism. In general, the field has located the causes that motivate terrorism in socioeconomic conditions, ideology, oppression, socializationsocial networks, psy chology. Belief that violence and its threat will be effective. This paper suggests that social causes of the terrorism in the arab society can be attributed to. The after effects of terrorism are usually reported without understanding the underlying psychological and social determinants of the terrorist act. Here the objective is to outline an approach to the anal ysis of the. Individuals or groups may use terrorism because they dont like the current organisation of society and they want to change it. When people are deprived of certain resources and opportunities, poverty can create resentment and cause some to turn to terrorism in order to express their outrage newman 2006. Drawing on the authors anecdotal experience interviewing hundreds of accused jihadist terrorists, along with survey data collected from subject matter experts in countering violent extremism cve, the essay offers an interpretation for terrorisms.
Reuters the economic causes and consequences of terrorism 8 min read. Although, the term terrorism originally, alludes to violent actions done by government but at present, it generally, mentioned for the assassination of general public for political, social and economic reasons in a way to come in the eyes of media. Adoption of a particular political philosophy, such as socialism leftwing terrorism, anarchism, or fascism possibly through a coup or as an ideology of an independence or separatist movement. Media coverage is not expected to give rise to the desire of the people who watch or read using social media on news related terrorism to emulate, as well as the mass media are also expected to not only be an extension of the spread of the. Counter terrorism is the offensive pursuit, prosecution and negation. Psychological factors in terrorism and counterterrorism. Definition of terrorism social and political effects introduction social structure and order, governance of society and politics are dependent on good communication, and good communication requires agreement on definitions of terminology. Terrorism can take multiple forms and have many causes, often more than one. The greatest value of this analysis is that it offers a view of the problem of terrorism based in the tradition of sociological theory. Loosely defined, terrorism is the use of violence to further a political or ideological goal at the expense of the general population.
Root causes consist of multiple combinations of factors and circumstances, ranging from general to specific, global, regional or. According to conflict theory, war advances the interests of the militaryindustrial complex, while militarism takes money away from unmet social needs. The notion of terrorism is applied to a great diversity of groups with different origins and goals. Yet terrorism, its definition, causes, and methods of dealing with it, has rarely been dealt with in high school courses. The idea of root causes of terrorism suggests that there is some form of causal relationship between underlying social, economic, political, and demographic. Social structure and order, governance of society and politics are dependent on good communication, and good communication requires agreement on definitions of terminology. Prior to the role of social media, the usual causes when talking about recent causes of terrorism are relative deprivation, social connection to a radicalized group, and feeling disconnected from wider society. In each case, social and economic development initiatives were con. In short, a social movement approach to terrorism would consider it as one form of contentious politics, analyzable within the existing framework of social movement theory. The aim of this paper is to analyze the origin of different interpretations of the events connected with terrorism, with special emphasis put on different interpretations of causes and consequences of. This article analyzes how spreading democracy would impact four different sets of underlying motivations that lead to this kind of terrorism. This essay challenges assumptions about the root causes of jihadist terrorism that prioritize political, religious, or economic factors. Terrorism can dramatically influence the world, as shown by the farreaching and prolonged effects of the attacks in new york on 11 th september 2001.
There are different forms of terrorism, and each form has its own causes. An attack can be rooted in religious, social, or political conflicts such as when one community is oppressed by another. People choose terrorism when they are trying to right what they perceive to be a social or political or historical wrongwhen they have been. Here the objective is to outline an approach to the analysis of the causes of terrorism, based on comparison of different cases of ter. The core theme of terrorism can be injustice that is product of. Arguably the main foci of sociological studies of terrorism should be the. Given how different the causes and perspectives of rightwing, nationalist separatist, social revolutionary and religious fundamentalist terrorists, it should come. Graph theory, social networks and counter terrorism. Further, the paper tries to prove that the root causes of terrorism might not be economic, social, ideological or beliefs and religions.
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